11 000-year-old artefacts found
2007-10-23 14:48
Damascus - Deep in the heart of northern Syria, close to the banks of the Euphrates River, archaeologists have uncovered a series of startling 11 000-year-old wall paintings and artefacts.
"The wall paintings date back to the ninth millennium BC. They were discovered last month on the wall of a house standing two metres high at Dja'de," said Frenchman Eric Coqueugniot, who has been leading the excavations on the west bank of the river at Dja'de, in an area famous for its rich tradition of prehistoric treasures.
The etchings are "polychrome paintings in black, white and red. The designs are solely geometric, and only figurative. The composition is made up of a system cross-hatched lines, alternating between the three colours," Coqueugniot said.
They were found in a circular building, around 7.5m in diameter. The excavated house features three solid blocks where the paintings were located.
The main pillar has been completely excavated and stands almost two metres high displaying the new murals, said Coqueugniot, a researcher for the Paris-based National Centre for Scientific Research.
The remains of the building, much larger than the small and rectangular domestic dwellings of the period, "must have been used as a meeting place for the whole village or for a clan", he added.
Apart from the organic artefacts, which have decomposed over time, the site has provided many well-preserved treasures.
'We can only offer hypotheses'
Carved stone tools, flints, seed-grinding implements and brick-grinding stones have been recovered. Many bone objects were also found - both remnants of the animals that made up part of the daily diet and intricately fashioned tools.
The dig also uncovered several figurines made of gypsum, chalk, bone and clay. The most recent discovery, an 11 000-year-old statue of a man is "particularly important and well preserved", Coqueugniot said.
This item will allow comparisons with other similar sculptures found on sites in the Urfa region of southern Turkey, added the French scientist, who has overseen archaeological projects at Dja'de for 15 years.
"The figures could have had religious significance. The female statuettes could also have been fertility symbols. But they could have had entirely different ritual meanings," Coqueugniot said.
"We can only offer hypotheses," he added. "It is still very difficult to say what was the significance of this 11 000-year-old statue of the woman."
The latest discoveries date back to the start of the Neolithic era, in a period known as the Epipalaeolithic.
Many artefacts from this period have been discovered in northern Syria, in particular at Jerf al-Ahmar, a site destroyed by the Tishrin dam, Coqueugniot said. It was one of several built in the past three decades that have flooded a number of archaeological sites.
For example, the dam at Tabqa flooded an area of around 650 square kilometres after it was erected in 1976. Prior to that, the government approved testing of 56 sites, 20 of which were spared when the dam was built.