'DRC troops killing civilians'

2009-12-15 08:58

Johannesburg - UN peacekeepers in Congo are violating the laws of war and should immediately stop backing Congolese troops who have deliberately killed hundreds of civilians in an operation to oust rebels in eastern Congo, Human Rights Watch said.

Human Rights Watch said it had documented "vicious and widespread" attacks against civilians by soldiers and rebels between January and September. Soldiers being fed and supplied with ammunition by the United Nations have killed civilians, gang-raped girls and cut the heads off some young men, human rights and international aid groups said.

"For every rebel combatant disarmed, one civilian has been killed, seven women and girls have been raped, six houses have been burned and destroyed and 900 people have been forced to flee their homes," the British-based organisation Oxfam said.

Human Rights Watch said it documented the killings of 732 civilians between January and September by the Congolese army and troops from neighbouring Rwanda fighting alongside it. In the same period, it counted 701 civilians killed by the Rwandan Hutu rebels the UN-backed troops are fighting.

Deliberately targeted

"Some chopped to death by machete, some hacked to death, others burned in their homes, some clubbed to death by sticks or bats," Anneke Van Woudenberg, the senior researcher for Human Rights Watch in Congo, told a news conference in New York City on Monday. "These were not civilians who got caught in the crossfire; these were not civilians who were in the wrong place in the wrong time. These were civilians who were deliberately targeted."

Most of the victims were women, children and the elderly, she said.

More than 7 500 cases of sexual violence against women and girls were registered at health centres during that nine-month period, nearly double the amount in 2008 and likely representing only a fraction of the total.

Human Rights Watch said the 19 000 peacekeepers in the DRC - the biggest UN force in the world - must "immediately cease all support to the current military operation".

The peacekeepers should also arrest 15 known human rights abusers in the army that the UN itself has identified, includingBosco Ntaganda, who is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes, she said. Ntaganda is a former Congolese rebel commander whose forces were integrated into the national army.

Committing war crimes

To continue support for the Congolese military operations while knowing that abuses are being committed implicates both the United Nations and its peacekeeping mission in the human rights violations, Van Woudenberg charged.

"So I don't think the UN is committing war crimes," Van Woudenberg said. "But they are now in violation of the laws of war... if they knowingly continue to support operations where their partner is participating in and committing war crimes."

Her group also called for the UN to find "a new approach to protect civilians".

The allegations come in the same week that the UN Security Council is to deliberate on renewing the peacekeepers' mandate in the DRC.

Kevin Kennedy, spokesperson for the UN mission in DRC, said the Security Council has repeatedly expressed support for the offensive against the rebels and for the Congolese military despite "all the risks involved and the potential consequences of co-operating" with the army.

Contradictory mandate

Congo's President Joseph Kabila has asked the UN to draw up a schedule to withdraw its forces, which have been in the country since 1999. The biggest UN accomplishment was overseeing DRC's first democratic elections in four decades, held in 2006. Kabila would have the peacekeepers withdraw before new elections scheduled for 2011.

Protecting civilians is the primary purpose of the UN peacekeepers, but they have struggled with a contradictory mandate that also requires them to support the Congolese army.

UN officials in Congo long have argued they do not have enough boots on the ground to protect civilians - some 19 000 peacekeepers to cover a country the size of Western Europe. In comparison, 40 000 Nato troops in Kosovo policed some 10 000 square kilometres.

Violence first erupted in eastern Congo after the 1994 Rwandan genocide that killed half a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus. Perpetrators of the genocide fled to east Congo.

- AP