Rwanda makes progress on MDG
2010-09-21 13:30
Kigali - With big strides made against both malaria and pneumococcal disease, Rwanda is on track to meet UN Millennium Development Goal number four, the reduction of child mortality, officials say.
"Rwanda is one of the few countries in Africa that stands a chance of reaching the MDG targets if the current rhythm is maintained," said Lamine Cisse Sarr, World Health Organisation (WHO) representative to Rwanda.
"We still have a long way to go but in the last 20 months we have made a lot of progress," Agnes Binagwaho, a medical doctor and permanent secretary in Rwanda's ministry of health said.
MDG number four provides for the reduction of the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon earlier this month said Rwanda had made "great strides" in working toward the MDGs, "particularly in the area of maternal and children's health".
Now that Rwanda has significantly curtailed malaria, the biggest child killer is pneumonia.
Symptoms unrecognised
"Out of every five children that die, one dies of pneumonia. Twenty-three percent of all child deaths in Rwanda are caused by pneumonia," Unicef Rwanda representative Joseph Fumbi told journalists.
Few care givers in the developing world are able to recognise the symptoms of pneumonia - rapid and difficult breathing.
Rwanda has given basic training to lay people at community level enabling them to detect symptoms, administer antibiotics if necessary and transfer complicated cases to hospital.
A quasi-obligatory health insurance typically covers 90% of treatment costs, leaving just 10% for the family. If the family is too poor to cover even that, hospital doctors often chip in.
Donata Nyirabahizi, who lives in a small mud-walled hut with panoramic views over Lake Muhazi, learned the hard way how quickly pneumonia can prove fatal.
She lost a baby of 18 months three years ago to pneumonia. He died as his parents carried him to the nearest health centre.
Improvements
"I realised on the Saturday that the baby was sick. When he started having difficulty breathing on the Monday I took him to the health centre."
She described, eyes downcast, how the child had started gasping and then ceased breathing altogether.
"My husband took him off my back and handed him to me. He was dead."
Clementine Mukandori was luckier. The referral system meant that she and her baby son Yves were directed to Kigali's university teaching hospital (CHUK). Yves sits on a bed with an oxygen mask attached with green tape. He will likely be discharged in five to seven days.
And the situation is set to improve further.
In April 2009 Rwanda introduced, with funding from GAVI Alliance, a vaccine against pneumococcal disease - the leading cause of pneumonia, also responsible for other infections including meningitis and sepsis - among the jabs obligatory for babies, becoming the first developing country to do so.
No deaths
GAVI is a public-private partnership that develops and supports innovative ways to increase immunisation in developing countries.
Pauline Mukabalisa, a 46-year-old community health worker, says she has already seen an improvement.
"These days no one is dying from pneumonia," she told journalists.
Rwanda has already made great strides in combating malaria with the distribution of free bednets treated with insecticide, Florent Rutagarama, a paediatrician at CHUK said.
Whereas prior to the introduction of nets, malaria used to account for one quarter of all hospitalisations, "cases are now very rare. We can go a whole month before getting a positive blood smear in the paediatric wards", he said.
"Now we have good results with pneumococcal disease, digestive disease is now on top" of our list of priorities, Binagwaho said.
Once Rwanda introduces the Rota virus vaccine to fight diarrhoea, its next priority will be the HPV vaccine to protect women against cervical cancer.
- SAPA