'Devils' show cancer immunity
2010-03-10 13:36
Adelaide - Australian scientists said on Wednesday that the discovery of a genetically distinct colony of Tasmanian devils may save the species from being wiped out by a contagious cancer that has decimated the population.
So far, the colony in the north western Tasmania state has proven immune to the face cancer that has ravaged the iconic animal - made famous worldwide by their Looney Tunes cartoon namesake, Taz.
"We think these devils may be able to see the cancer cells as foreign and mount an immune response against them," lead researcher Kathy Belov said. "We think more animals might survive in the wild than we initially thought."
The furry black animals spread a fast-killing cancer when they bite each other's faces. It causes grotesque facial tumours that eventually prevent them from feeding and can affect their internal organs.
Devil Facial Tumour Disease was discovered in 1996. Since then, the numbers of Tasmanian devils have plummeted by 70%. Last spring, Australia listed the devils as an endangered species and current estimates suggest the Tasmanian devil could be extinct within 25 years.
But Belov said the new findings buy more time for managing the disease and developing a vaccine.
Belov, of the University of Sydney, worked with fellow researchers at the University of Tasmania, who monitored populations across the island. While earlier studies had looked at devils in eastern Tasmania, this time they took a wider sampling of 400 devils across the state.
Twenty percent of those were found to be genetically different from the eastern devils, and so far have not caught the disease.
"I don't think this means that we can sit back and go, 'Everything is okay,' because we've already seen that the tumour has started to evolve," Belov cautioned. "But now we can say that we've got a glimmer of hope. There may be some animals that may survive this epidemic."
Federal Innovation Minister Kim Carr, whose department helped fund the research, said it was great news.
"There is now hope for their survival," Carr said in a statement.
The devils, known for powerful jaws, fierce screeches and voracious consumption of prey, are the world's largest marsupial carnivores. They don't exist in the wild outside Tasmania, an island south of Australia.
- AP