Dolphin daughters learn fishing trick
2012-10-16 12:38
Sydney - A small population of dolphins in Western Australia state not only use sponges to help catch fish but the rare hunting technique has been passed from mother to daughter for generations, Australian researchers said.
Sightings of dolphins carrying sponges on their snouts to protect their sensitive noses while dislodging fish and crustaceans from the rocky ocean floor has been recorded since the 1980s.
But researchers at the University of New South Wales added a new dimension to their research by using computer modelling of behaviour and genetics to estimate how long the technique, which they call "sponging", has gone on.
"What's unique about the sponging behaviour is that only about five percent of dolphins use the sponges as a tool, and it's only one maternal line," said Anna Kopps at the University of New South Wales Evolution Ecologist Research Centre.
"What's new about this study now is we've got the time perspective," she said.
Computer modelling
Scientists believe one single female started sponging in Shark Bay, Western Australia, and all her descendants in that area learned the behaviour from their mothers.
Knowing this, and that the sponging was done 30 years ago, computer modelling allowed them to study the spread of the behaviour over the past three decades - and then reverse the process using genetics and behaviour to figure out when it might have begun.
Ultimately, they estimated that sponging has been going on for some 180 years, or roughly eight generations of dolphins.
"It's interesting that the behaviour doesn't spread to the entire population and it doesn't go extinct either," said Kopps.
Dolphin offspring are dependent on their mothers for about four years, giving them ample time to observe and learn survival techniques. The maximum lifespan of a dolphin is about 40 years.
"We don't know if it's teaching or other forms of learning," Kopps said.
While male dolphins also learn sponging from their mothers, the study found they don't pass the technique on.
"Some males use it but not many and it will be a dead end because they don't learn from the dads," Kopps said.
