Rare disease hits US troops
2004-12-22 12:34
Washington - US troops in Iraq have been hit by a rare type of pneumonia that has left two soldiers dead, a study released on Tuesday has found.
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, a rare disease characterised by fever, respiratory failure and an infiltration of the lungs, has been diagnosed in 18 US soldiers in Iraq between March 2003 and March 2004, according to the study in the December 22-29 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Severe pneumonia was found among 19 US military personnel in March-April 2003, and 10 of them were diagnosed with the disease. Of the 10 patients, two died, according to the study.
Another eight patients were diagnosed with the disease through March 2004, the study says.
Doctor Andrew Shorr of Walter Reed Army Medical Centre in Washington led an epidemiologic investigation of cases of the disease among troops from March 2003 through March 2004.
The 18 cases were identified among 183 000 soldiers stationed in or near Iraq. The incidence rate was 9.1 cases per 100 000 people.
The disease can be confused with other types of pneumonia, the study says.
Failed to determine a common source
"Patients can present with (sudden and severe) respiratory failure or have less-severe forms of the disease, both of which can mimic community-acquired pneumonia," the authors wrote.
"Civilian and military physicians should both consider this diagnosis in military personnel presenting with respiratory complaints during, or after, a recent deployment or training exercise."
Most of the 18 patients, or 89%, were men and their median age was 22, the study says.
All patients consumed tobacco, a habit 78% of them had recently taken up. All except one soldier reported having been significantly exposed to fine airborne sand or dust.
The investigation failed to determine a common source for the exposure to the disease.
According to the study, 67% of the patients needed mechanical ventilation for between two and 16 days.
Two soldiers died and the others were treated with corticosteroids or supportive care.
Of 12 patients who were re-examined a few months after the diagnosis, three had mild difficulty breathing and one reported wheezing.
At the end of the treatment, the soldiers had normal or nearly normal respiratory test results.