Turtle eggs to be moved
2010-07-01 14:31
Pensacola Beach - An effort to scoop thousands of turtle eggs from their nests to save them from death in the oily Gulf of Mexico will begin in the coming weeks in a desperate attempt to keep an entire generation of threatened species from vanishing.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service will co-ordinate the plan, which calls for collecting about 70 000 turtle eggs in up to 800 nests buried in the sand across Florida Panhandle and Alabama beaches.
It's never been done on such a massive scale. But doing nothing, experts said, could lead to unprecedented deaths. There are fears the turtles would be coated in oil and poisoned by crude-soaked food as they hatch and swim out to sea.
"This is an extraordinary effort under extraordinary conditions, but if we can save some of the hatchlings, it will be worth it as opposed to losing all of them," said Chuck Underwood of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
"We have a much higher degree of certainty that if we do nothing and we allow these turtles to emerge and go into the Gulf and into the oil... that we could in fact lose most of them, if not all of them," he added. "There's a chance of losing a whole generation."
Arduous process
Dozens of workers are fanned out across the coast marking turtle nests, most of them threatened loggerheads, which nest largely along Florida Panhandle and Alabama beaches.
In about 10 days, they will begin the arduous process of excavating the nests, mostly by hand. The digging must be slow and delicate - aside from making sure the shells don't crack, the eggs can't be rolled around or repositioned to protect the embryo inside.
Then the eggs will be carefully placed in specially designed Styrofoam containers, like coolers, along with sand and moisture to mimic the natural nest. The containers will then be trucked about 800km east to a temperature-controlled warehouse at Florida's Kennedy Space Centre.
There, the eggs will remain until hatchlings emerge, and they will be placed one-by-one on Florida's east coast, where the turtles can swim oil-free into the Atlantic Ocean.
Loggerhead turtles typically lay about 125 eggs per nest, which incubate for roughly 60 days before hatching. The government has no way of knowing exactly how many of the species live in the Gulf, but instead use nest numbers to determine population health.
Fish and Wildlife has proposed increasing loggerhead protections under federal law from a threatened species to an endangered species, largely because nest numbers have been steadily declining over the years.
Even without an oil spill, the vast majority of hatchlings don't make it to maturity, Underwood said.
Only option
"I think that's the reason why this particular species lays so many eggs," he said. "It is not a rosy picture to begin with."
These turtles will soon start hatching and continue emerging over the next several months.
"There's a whole lot of unknowns in what we're doing," Underwood acknowledged, noting many of the hatchlings could die anyway because of the stressful moving process.
All of the sea turtles that venture into Gulf waters have already suffered because of commercial fishing and habitat loss.
Endangered Kemp's ridleys, which are nesting on beaches in Mexico and Texas, have washed up by the dozens dead along Gulf beaches since the April 20 Deepwater Horizon rig explosion that has gushed up to 500 million litres of oil into the sea.
Some of the dead turtles were oiled, while others showed no outward signs of crude and are being tested to determine what killed them. The Kemp's ridleys aren't in as immediate of danger because oil hasn't been washing ashore yet in their nesting places in the western Gulf. But some fear those hatchlings also could eventually make it into the crude.
Loggerheads also have been found oiled and dead since the spill started, along with leatherbacks and green turtles, also protected under the Endangered Species Act.
David Godfrey, executive director of the Florida-based Sea Turtle Conservancy, agrees this plan is the only option to save as many turtles as possible.
Strategy
He said if left alone, the turtles will soon begin emerging from their nests and heading straight out to sea to feed in masses of oil-soaked seaweed.
Even more unusual, in a field that typically sees division between government entities and conservationists, there is agreement on what to do. Teri Shore, programme director with the California-based Sea Turtle Restoration Project, said she thought the plan was good given the circumstances.
"If those sea turtles swim out to the Gulf, they're going to face a massive oil slick which will cause them to perish or at least significantly decrease their chances of survival," she said.
Godfrey said he agreed with the strategy and called it a "pretty amazing plan" because conservationists rarely support relocating sea turtle nests. They often push for a change in human behaviours, such as dimming lights along beaches at night to avoid disorienting them.
But no one can control the oil, he noted.
"We're talking about allowing the entire year's class of hatchlings to emerge and swim to their certain doom, and are we just going to sit back and let that happen?" he said. "We just can't."
- AP