Aids delegates tout condom
2004-07-12 16:58
Special Report
The South African government has announced a joint venture to reduce the cost of anti-retroviral drugs with a Swiss company.
Bangkok, Thailand - Scientists, activists and policymakers on Monday touted condoms as a trusted weapon in the fight against Aids, dismissing President George W Bush's policy of abstinence as a "serious setback" in global efforts to control the pandemic.
Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni was the only big-name speaker at the International Aids Conference to support the ABC policy of the United States: Abstinence, Being faithful and Condoms - in that order of priority.
Museveni said loving relationships based on trust are crucial, and that "the principle of condoms is not the ultimate solution".
"In some cultures sexual intercourse is so elaborate that condoms are a hindrance," he told a plenary session. "Let the condom be used by people who cannot abstain, cannot be faithful, or are estranged."
Condoms have been promoted as a frontline defence against Aids by countries such as Thailand where a campaign to get sex workers to insist on condoms yielded a more-than-sevenfold reduction in HIV rates in 13 years.
Sex trade
About 25 million of the 38 million infected with HIV worldwide are in sub-Saharan Africa, but the virus is taking root increasingly in Asia, where 7.6 million are infected.
In Asia, the sex trade has been the main engine behind infections in countries such as Thailand and Cambodia, where epidemics exploded by the late 1980s - sparking aggressive responses including campaigns to boost condom use.
Proponents say there is no better way to prevent HIV than by using condoms and giving clean syringes to intravenous drug users.
Their philosophy is known as CNN - Condoms, Needles, Negotiating Skills. The Bush administration maintains that emphasising condoms promotes promiscuity among the youth.
"In an age where 5 million people are newly infected each year and women and girls too often do not have the choice to abstain, an abstinence-until-marriage programme is not only irresponsible, it's really inhumane," US congresswoman Barbara Lee said.
Lee, a California Democrat, and other delegates urged the world's rich countries to spend more on condoms and other HIV-fighting programmes for the developing world. Activists at a "Youth Speaks Out" session shouted "We want, We want Protection!"
'CNN v ABC'
During a debate titled "CNN v ABC," Steven Sinding, director general of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, said "condoms will remain key preventive tools for many, many years to come".
He said condoms should seen as the key element of a comprehensive strategy including abstinence. The US policy of emphasising abstinence is a "serious setback to the Aids control effort".
By the end of the debate, outnumbered ABC proponent Dr Edward Green, a Harvard researcher and member of the US president's advisory council on HIV/Aids, suggested that a combination of ABC and CNN was the best solution.
Uganda success story
Uganda has waged a successful battle against HIV in a rare success story for sub-Saharan Africa - though some experts say it's unclear how it has been achieved. Musaveni credited abstinence.
Uganda has brought its infection rate down from more than 30%in the early 1990s to about 6% of the country's 25 million people last year.
A young Ugandan man, Simon Onaba, who gave an impassioned speech during the CNN v ABC debate, said abstinence works if people have the will.
"It is possible for young people to abstain. We are motivated, we are empowered. If I can start having sex, I can also stop having sex," he said.
However, epidemiologists tracking Asia's emerging epidemics told conference delegates that the world's most populous continent face HIV problems largely driven by prostitution, and that promoting condoms is best to block further spread.
"I disagree with (Museveni) ... Condoms are greatly shortchanged in Africa as a prevention method," said Tim Brown, of the Hawaii-based think tank East West Center. "If you increase condom use by 50%, I guarantee you that HIV will go down by 50%."
More money needed
There was consensus at the six-day conference, in its second day, that fighting the epidemic needs more money that can only come from rich countries.
By 2005 an estimated $12bn will be needed annually to fight the disease in developing countries, but current annual global spending now amounts to under $5bn.
"The $200 to $300bn spent in Iraq probably could have eradicated this illness," actor Richard Gere - one of several celebrities at the meeting - told another panel discussion.
- AP