UN monitors leave Syria
2012-08-20 17:51
Beirut - United Nations military observers left Damascus on Monday after a four-month mission in which they became helpless spectators of Syria's spiralling conflict, instead of monitoring a ceasefire between President Bashar Assad's forces and rebels.
Their departure coincided with an assault by Assad's forces backed by tanks and helicopters to try to retake the Damascus suburb of Mouadamiya from opposition fighters, activists said.
Twelve people, including three rebels, were killed, according to the opposition Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a British-based group with many contacts in Syria.
Control of Mouadamiya has changed hands several times, as have many other places in a war with no clear frontlines.
"Our mission failed because the two sides did not abide by their commitments," said one uniformed observer, who declined to be named, before seven UN cars left a Damascus hotel carrying some of the last members of a mission once 300 strong.
The unarmed monitors suspended operations in June after coming under fire and most have already departed, leaving a small liaison office in the Syrian capital in case a chance for a political settlement to the bloodshed ever emerges.
Battling a 17-month-old uprising against his family's 42-year rule, Assad has used fighter jets and helicopter gunships to pound rebel strongholds. Insurgents have stepped up their attacks, hitting tanks, military convoys and security buildings.
The mandate of the monitoring mission, known as UNSMIS, expired on Sunday. The last monitors are due leave by Friday.
After a brief lull, violence intensified during the monitors' presence in Syria and at least 9 000 people have been killed since they arrived to oversee a ceasefire declared on 12 April by outgoing UN-Arab League mediator Kofi Annan.
Use against us
The truce never took hold. At least 18 000 people have now been killed in Syria since the anti-Assad revolt began. At least 170 000 have fled the country, according to the United Nations, and 2.5 million need aid inside Syria.
Rebel fighters have complained that foreign powers have supplied neither the quantity or quality of weaponry they need to defeat Assad, such as anti-aircraft missiles.
France, which like the United States and Britain, says it is supplying only non-lethal assistance to the Syrian opposition, ruled out providing arms in case they fell into the wrong hands.
Qatar and Saudi Arabia are among countries arming the rebels, French Foreign minister Laurent Fabius said, whereas European countries had imposed an arms embargo on Syria.
"As for heavy weapons, especially to destroy planes, there is a huge problem. We cannot deliver weapons in conditions where the people we deliver to later use them against us," said Fabius, who will host a foreign ministers meeting on Syria at the United Nations on 30 August.
His remarks, on Europe 1 radio, appeared to contradict a Russian assertion that the West was arming the Syrian rebels.
Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Gennady Gatilov, whose country is an ally of Syria, said evidence had grown that Syrian rebels were "massively supplied with Western-made weapons".
While out gunned by Assad's forces, rebels still managed to seize control of districts in Damascus and Aleppo last month, as well as several border crossings and parts of the north, before the army counter-attacked in Syria's two main cities.
Making his first public appearance since an 18 July bombing killed four of his top security officials, Assad prayed at a Damascus mosque at the start of a Muslim holiday on Sunday.
Prolonged conflict
Fighting raged on around Syria, killing more than 130 people on Sunday, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported.
With diplomatic efforts to end the war stymied by divisions between world powers and regional rivalries, Syria faces the prospect of a prolonged conflict that increasingly sets a mainly Sunni Muslim opposition against Assad's Alawite minority.
The United Nations may need to create a "safe zone" within Syria to cope with a swelling exodus of refugees, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, whose country already hosts nearly 70 000 Syrians, told the Hurriyet newspaper.
"If the number of refugees in Turkey surpasses 100 000, we will run out of space to accommodate them. We should be able to accommodate them in Syria. The United Nations may build camps in a safe zone within Syria's borders," he was quoted as saying.
Splits in the UN Security Council pose a major obstacle to the creation of any such UN safe haven, which would need robust military protection unless Damascus gave its consent.
A no-fly zone and a Nato bombing campaign helped Libyan rebels overthrow Muammar Gaddafi last year. The West has shown little appetite for repeating any Libya-style action in Syria, and Russia and China strongly oppose any such intervention.
"Democracy by bombs"
Only the Security Council can authorise the use of force against Syria, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said, warning against imposing "democracy by bombs".
The West has accused Moscow, which sold nearly $1bn of arms to Damascus last year, of giving Assad diplomatic cover by repeatedly vetoing Security Council resolutions on Syria.
Russia and China joined the West in backing Annan's efforts, but his UN-backed peace plan failed to halt the conflict and it is hard to see where international diplomacy goes next.
Algerian diplomat Lakhdar Brahimi has been appointed as the new international envoy for Syria, replacing Annan, who steps down at the end of the month and who had said Assad must quit.
Brahimi said it was too early for him to talk about his mission, after the Syrian opposition criticised him for saying it was too early to say whether Assad should step down.
Responding to Brahimi's remarks, Syria's Foreign Ministry said it was not for "any state or party or UN envoy to talk about who should lead Syria", the state news agency reported.
