Next on Mars: Scientific road trip

2012-08-07 13:05

The Curiosity rover (File, AP)

Washington - Imagine taking 400 scientists on an alien road trip where each one wants to examine every interesting rock along the way. Welcome to the next two years of Nasa's landmark robotic mission on Mars.

Scientists on Earth are eager to explore the Gale Crater, where water is believed to have pooled many years ago and where the US space agency's $2.5bn Curiosity rover touched down early on Monday.

Next up, Curiosity will haul the Mars Science Laboratory as far as halfway up Mount Sharp, a towering 5km Martian mountain with sediment layers that may be up to a billion-years-old.

But it may be a full year before the remote-controlled rover gets to the base of the peak, which is believed to be within 20km of the rover's landing site.

‘Not rushing out there’

"We are going to make sure that we are firing on all cylinders before we blaze out across the plains there," John Grotzinger, project scientist on the Mars Science Laboratory, told reporters shortly after the rover landed.

"Possibly within a year or so we could be at the base of Mount Sharp, because the place we landed on looks pretty darn interesting and we just don't want to rush out of there without having studied it real well," he said.

"The science team is going to look at the geology of the landing ellipse as a whole and then try to find a route, and if it is a more circuitous route, if the science justifies it, we will happily take that route."

First, a series of checks to the car-sized vehicle must take place, which could take weeks.

Then comes the unavoidable bickering and questions of, "Are we there yet?" that another Nasa scientist likened to taking a cross-country family trip with all of his co-workers.

"My version of the surface mission is that it is like going on a family vacation and driving from here to Chicago," said Richard Cook, flight systems manager on the project at Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.

"Except that your family has got 400 scientists who want to stop and look at every fossilized [thing] they can find."

Water detector

Part of the check-out process will be testing the various instruments on board the rover, which carries everything from a rock-vaporising laser and telescope combination to a chemistry kit for analysing powdered soil and rock. Preliminary checks have come out well so far, Nasa said on Monday.

The rover also totes tools to check for carbon-based compounds that are the building blocks of life and a water detector that can pick up water underground at a distance of 50cm.

One instrument, the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), has already been collecting data about the radiation the spacecraft sustained, including the effects of five big solar flares, since its November 2011 launch.

The monitor has tracked high energy atomic and subatomic particles from the sun that could pose a danger to astronauts if a human mission to Mars ever takes place, with US President Barack Obama vowing to get humans there by 2030.

‘No hurry’

Don Hassler, principal investigator for Curiosity's RAD, told reporters last week scientists were still analyzing the data but said the radiation recorded would make a "significant" contribution to an astronaut's career dose limit.

Nasa said "radiation from galactic cosmic rays, originating from supernova explosions and other extremely distant events, accounted for more of the total radiation experienced on the trip than the amount from solar particle events".

The Curiosity rover's planned two-year lifespan is already much longer than the last Nasa rovers to get to the red planet in 2004.

Spirit and Opportunity were solar-powered vehicles meant to last three months. Spirit carried on a bountiful career that lasted more than six years and Opportunity is still trucking along.

"The nominal mission for this is two years, but... if it lasts twice that I don't think anyone would be shocked," said Pete Theisinger, director of the Engineering and Science Directorate at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

"We are in no hurry, okay? And we're not going to... screw it up."

- AFP