Publications
Below, Professor Francis Petersen, Rector and Vice-Chancellor of the University of the Free State talks about student debt, online learning and traditional classroom learning and what it requires from students.
Students in tertiary institutions have had to negotiate the choppy waters of emergency online tuition for the past two years.
In February, thousands of students at universities across the country will be returning to the shores of face-to-face learning. But it will require a process of reconnection that may take time and will have to be guided sensitively.
It is a fact of life that, in so many spheres, one's journey is often as memorable – sometimes even more so – than one's experiences at a destination. The South African education context is no exception.
Many of us grew up with stories of parents and grandparents expanding at length about their complex journeys to school 'back in the day'.
Some of the details of what happened inside the classroom may have faded over time, but the journey often remains etched in memory.
Journeys tell of sacrifice, braving harsh weather, and long distances – often on foot. A great victory already lies, after all, in the mere process of getting somewhere.
Read: Blended learning is a viable option for South Africa, but 'appetite for corruption is rife'
The Online Move
There is little doubt that online tuition was a vital lifebuoy for education during the pandemic and lockdown and that it will form an increasingly important part of our future educational landscape.
The huge digital divide that the move to online education has exposed remains a most pressing concern that needs to be addressed urgently to ensure that students from all socio-economic sectors and rural and urban environments can access online resources.
One consequence of online learning that is maybe not deliberated as frequently is that it has essentially eliminated the need for a journey – in this case, the physical journey to a tertiary education campus.
Once again, this fact comes with many perceived advantages: no transport costs, no travelling time, no risk associated with moving out of one's comfort zone.
Provided you have access to sufficient resources and connectivity (a topic for another time!), and provided you have a safe home environment conducive to learning (which many of our students sadly lack), it has become incredibly easy and convenient to access education – anytime, anywhere, and at your own pace.
But some aspects can become complicated in the absence of a physical journey. Because journeys imply a few things:
A Journey Requires a Deliberate Decision About a Destination
People go on journeys because they want to get somewhere. They decide where they want to end up and then take the steps necessary to get there.
Of course, the physical journey to a place of learning also reflects a more figurative journey towards an envisaged career and a successful future.
Over the past two years, students have often reported feeling as if they were 'drifting' in the online environment, not always sure where they were heading, feeling a bit lost and disconnected. Maybe part of the reason for this lies in the fact that they were not physically going anywhere.
Without this physical aspect of the journey, it can become challenging to plot yourself and convince yourself that you are moving ahead and making progress.
Must read: OPINION | 'Video calls are a poor substitute': Graham Sayer makes a case for in-person education
A Journey Requires a Measure of Sacrifice
A journey also almost always implies sacrifice in some form. Whether it is getting up early to catch a train, a bus, or two taxis to university, incurring fuel costs or transport fees, or just strolling to class across campus from your residence – a successful journey requires discipline and planning. And it takes some form of sacrifice of time and resources.
A Journey Requires Commitment
It takes commitment to make those sacrifices needed to complete a journey. And in turn, sacrifice fuels commitment. As human beings, we tend to treasure those hard to obtain, and we do our utmost to hold on to them.
The opposite of 'easy come, easy go' is equally valid. It is often just as easy for students to opt-out of online learning sessions to access it. And this is where the problem sometimes lies: commitment is not tested or strengthened.
Gaining Courage from Fellow Travellers
Probably the most poignant aspect of the journey analogy is that it makes you aware of other travellers. The students treading the campus pavements with you, passing you in passages, walking with you into class constantly remind you that your journey is not a solitary one.
Fellow travellers – and fellow students – reaching out to one another, sharing tips and experiences, make the journey easier for everyone. Interacting with others and knowing that we are not alone is a vital part of what makes us human, what makes our journeys meaningful.
Also read: 'Take care of the infrastructure': How can we bridge the technological divide in online learning
Dealing with Fear Countless
Covid-19 research projects worldwide seem to point to one basic bottom line: the absence of physical interaction has taken a huge psychological toll on most of our students.
However, psychologists working on our campuses report a significant increase in students seeking psychological help in the run-up to the restart of contact learning.
They say some students find the prospect of returning to campus stressful and even terrifying. It is a move that will take them outside their new comfort zones.
Many students relate how they have been living in an 'artificial online world' for the past two years – academically and socially.
Students who used to be very pleasant have been spending their non-academic time behind screens, too, engaged in gaming, streaming services, and social media.
Two years was long enough to blur memories of what used to be expected. It is long enough to entrench new habits – not all of them conducive to good mental health – which can take time to change. It was also long enough to desensitise students to their needs and wants.
Psychological Support for Students
The value of providing our students with different forms of psychological support during these unusual and uncertain times cannot be overemphasised.
At the University of the Free State (UFS), the various support initiatives we have implemented and expanded over the past two years have undoubtedly contributed to completing the academic years of 2020 and 2021.
Among these initiatives are a 24-hour toll-free mental-health careline and an e-mentoring programme that offers socio-emotional support to students.
Data analytics revealed that more than a third of our students engaged in these support interventions. We see it as a major reason that, despite all the obvious challenges, we still managed to improve our overall institutional success rate in 2020 and 2021.
Also see: OPINION | 'Video calls are a poor substitute': Graham Sayer makes a case for in-person education
Social Interaction a Basic Need
As tertiary institutions, we need to focus on what is convenient for our students and what they need. And as human beings, we need social interaction.
We need to read social cues, expressions, and body language, hear voice intonation, and where possible and appropriate, touch and feel.
University life is, after all, about so much more than just attending classes. It is about engaging in sporting and cultural activities, honing your interests, and finding new ones.
It is about learning to collaborate and build networks and support groups, forming friendships, and entering relationships. And sometimes, it is about just having fun.
Returning to Campus
Most universities are currently introducing a blended learning programme, combining online and face-to-face tuition.
At the UFS, 67% of our modules on offer will be in a face-to-face format (at least in the early part of 2022), with the necessary Covid-19 protocols in place to ensure a safe environment for staff and students.
As we welcome our students back on campus, it is vital that we, as university leadership, carefully and effectively remind them that their study years should be a holistic experience, encompassing different aspects of their being.
We should encourage them to use the precious reconnection opportunities with those around them. And be patient as they negotiate their way in an old-but-new environment. Let the journey begin.
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